Help! Caring for People With Mental Health Problems in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: After coronavirus disease 2019, there has been an increase in patients in the emergency department with mental health conditions. They are usually received by professionals who are not specialized in mental health. This study aimed to describe nursing staff's experiences in the emergency department, in the care they provide to people with mental health problems who often feel stigmatized by society and also in health care settings. METHODS: This is a descriptive qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The participants were nurses from the Spanish Health Service from the emergency department of the Community of Madrid hospitals. Recruitment was performed by convenience sampling snowball sampling until data satruation was met. Data were collected through semistructured interviews conducted during January and February 2022. RESULTS: The exhaustive and detailed analysis of the nurses' interviews made it possible to extract 3 main categories-health care, psychiatric patient, and work environment-with 10 subcategories. DISCUSSION: The main study findings were the need to train emergency nurses to be prepared to care for people who experience mental health concerns including bias education and the need for implementation of standardized protocols. Emergency nurses never doubted their ability to care for people experiencing mental health disorders. Still, they recognized that they needed specialized professionals' support at certain critical moments.

Back to Clinical Training during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspective of Nursing Students.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas of life, including the formation of nursing students. After the COVID-19 crisis, learning during clinical training created different challenges. Nursing schools are responsible for ensuring that structures are in place to facilitate coping in the changed clinical setting. This study aimed to analyze nursing students' perceptions during clinical training while caring for COVID-19 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A qualitative phenomenological study that explored nursing students' perceptions of learning in clinical settings with COVID-19 patients was performed. A total of 15 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with nursing students who carried out their clinical practices in COVID-19 units during February and April 2022. RESULTS: Through content analysis, categorization, and the method of comparison constant, four categories emerged: feelings, challenges, coping methods, and clinical practices. The students had to learn to "work" with fear and uncertainty and self-manage the emotional burden using different coping techniques to deal with learning during their practices. Interacting with professors and clinical tutors during the clinical practice were positive experiences. CONCLUSIONS: This study constituted an opportunity to build new and adapted educational approaches for teachers to train nursing students to deal with their emotions and thoughts in future pandemic situations.

Challenge, fear and pride: nursing students working as nurses in COVID-19 care units.

CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: During the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, students in the year of undergraduate degree were hired to provide care assistance support in hospitals. The purpose of the study is to explore their experiences of their premature professional incorporation into patient care in a pandemic situation. METHODS: A descriptive phenomenology research study was conducted. Data were collected in two phases: 1) Two focus groups and 2) Ten in-depth individual semi-structured interviews between July and August 2021. RESULTS: Twenty-two Nursing students from a Madrid University School of Nursing participated. All worked in COVID hospitalization units, 6 in intensive care units. Four main categories were identified. Student-professional nurse transition, Learning, Hospital integration and Emotions. CONCLUSION: Despite all the fears and negative emotions, the nursing students do not regret the decision to accept a contract to work as a healthcare professional in the COVID-19 pandemic. They feel that the pandemic has allowed them to see life from another perspective and with other priorities, strengthening their vocation to nursing.

Immunological Biomarkers of Fatal COVID-19: A Study of 868 Patients.

Information on the immunopathobiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly increasing; however, there remains a need to identify immune features predictive of fatal outcome. This large-scale study characterized immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using multidimensional flow cytometry, with the aim of identifying high-risk immune biomarkers. Holistic and unbiased analyses of 17 immune cell-types were conducted on 1,075 peripheral blood samples obtained from 868 COVID-19 patients and on samples from 24 patients presenting with non-SARS-CoV-2 infections and 36 healthy donors. Immune profiles of COVID-19 patients were significantly different from those of age-matched healthy donors but generally similar to those of patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 infections. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed three immunotypes during SARS-CoV-2 infection; immunotype 1 (14% of patients) was characterized by significantly lower percentages of all immune cell-types except neutrophils and circulating plasma cells, and was significantly associated with severe disease. Reduced B-cell percentage was most strongly associated with risk of death. On multivariate analysis incorporating age and comorbidities, B-cell and non-classical monocyte percentages were independent prognostic factors for survival in training (n=513) and validation (n=355) cohorts. Therefore, reduced percentages of B-cells and non-classical monocytes are high-risk immune biomarkers for risk-stratification of COVID-19 patients.

Immunologic characterization of COVID-19 patients with hematological cancer.

Not available.

Estrés percibido en estudiantes de enfermería durante el confinamiento obligatorio por Covid-19

Introducción: el estrés académico es una reacción que activa la parte fisiológica, emocional, cognitiva y conductual que sufren los estudiantes ante ciertos agentes estresores, como la pandemia mundial del Covid-19. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de estrés percibido en el periodo de confinamiento por Covid-19 en estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad de la región caribe Colombiana Materiales y métodos: estudio de analítico, participaron 398 estudiantes de Enfermería de una Universidad de la costa Caribe Colombiana, se emplearon dos instrumentos, una encuesta sociodemográfica y la escala denominada Estrés percibido 10. Resultados: El promedio de estrés fue de 18,83 5,19, mostrando un nivel leve de estrés, siendo más bajo en personas de mayor edad (30-34 y >=35 años), (P= 0,00), las mujeres presentaban una leve disminución del estrés percibido en comparación con los hombres (P=0,04) y las personas que habitan en el área rural presentan niveles de estrés más elevados . Discusión: El presente estudio revela efectos de tres meses de confinamiento por COVID-19 en una población de jóvenes universitarios que interrumpieron su formación educativa de forma presencial a remota, la cual provocó estrés en la población sujeto de estudio. Conclusión: Se evidenció que los hombres con menos edad presentan mayores niveles de estrés en comparación con las mujeres y a medida que aumenta la edad estos niveles disminuyen. El habitar en áreas rurales puede convertirse en un elemento estresor para los estudiantes.Alternate :Introduction: Academic stress is a physiological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral response of students to some stressors such as the global COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To determine the level of stress perceived by nursing students at a Colombian Caribbean university during the mandatory COVID-19 lockdown. Materials and Methods: An analytical study was conducted with 398 nursing students at a Colombian Caribbean university, who completed two instruments, a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Results: Average stress rate was 18.83 5.19, indicating a mild level of stress but being lower in older students (30-34 and >=35 years) (P= 0.00). Women had a slightly lower rate of perceived stress compared to men (P=0.04). Students living in rural areas showed to have higher stress levels. Discussion: This study revealed the impact of three months of restrictions during the COVID-19 lockdown in a population of young university students who have interrupted their in-person educational training to online training, causing academic stress in the study population. Conclusion: Younger men showed higher levels of stress compared to women, decreasing as their age increases. Living in rural areas may become a stressor for students.Alternate :Introduçâo: o estresse académico é uma reaçâo que ativa a parte fisiológica, emocional, cognitiva e comportamental sofrido pelos alunos em face de certos agentes estressores, como a pandemia global da Covid-19. Objetivo: determinar o nivel de estresse percebido no período de confinamento por Covid-19 em alunos de Enfermagem de uma universidade da regiäo do Caribe colombiano Materiais e métodos: estudo analítico participaram 398 estudantes de Enfermagem de uma Universidade da costa do Caribe Colombiana, foram utilizados dois instrumentos, um levantamento sociodemográfico e a escala denominada Estresse percebido 10. Resultados: A média de estresse foi de 18,83 ±5,19, mostrando um nivel leve de estresse, sendo menores em pessoas mais velhas (30-34 e >=35 anos), (P= 0,00), as mulheres apresentaram uma ligeira diminuiçâo no estresse percebido em comparaçâo com os homens (P=0,04) e as pessoas que vivem em áreas rurais apresentam niveis de estresse mais elevados. Discussäo: O presente estudo revela os efeitos de trés meses de reclusäo por COVID-19 em uma populaçâo de jovens universitários que interromperam sua formaçâo educacional presencial ou virtual, a qual gerou estresse na populaà âo de sujeitos do estudo. Conclusäo: Evidenciou-se que os homens mais jovens apresentam maiores niveis de estresse em comparaçâo com as mulheres e conforme a idade aumenta, esses niveis diminuem. Morar em áreas rurais pode se tornar um fator de estresse para os alunos.